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////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Filename: wbuart.v
// {{{
// Project: wbuart32, a full featured UART with simulator
//
// Purpose: Unlilke wbuart-insert.v, this is a full blown wishbone core
// with integrated FIFO support to support the UART transmitter
// and receiver found within here. As a result, it's usage may be
// heavier on the bus than the insert, but it may also be more useful.
//
// Creator: Dan Gisselquist, Ph.D.
// Gisselquist Technology, LLC
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// }}}
// Copyright (C) 2015-2021, Gisselquist Technology, LLC
// {{{
// This program is free software (firmware): you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
// by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
// your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
// ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTIBILITY or
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
// for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
// with this program. (It's in the $(ROOT)/doc directory. Run make with no
// target there if the PDF file isn't present.) If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/> for a copy.
// }}}
// License: GPL, v3, as defined and found on www.gnu.org,
// {{{
// http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
//
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//
//`default_nettype none
// }}}
`define USE_LITE_UART
module wbuart #(
// {{{
// 4MB 8N1, when using 100MHz clock
parameter [30:0] INITIAL_SETUP = 31'd25,
parameter [3:0] LGFLEN = 4,
parameter [0:0] HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL_PRESENT = 1'b1
// Perform a simple/quick bounds check on the log FIFO length,
// to make sure its within the bounds we can support with our
// current interface.
// }}}
) (
// {{{
input wire i_clk, i_reset,
// Wishbone inputs
input wire i_wb_cyc,
input wire i_wb_stb, i_wb_we,
input wire [1:0] i_wb_addr,
input wire [31:0] i_wb_data,
input wire [3:0] i_wb_sel,
output wire o_wb_stall,
output reg o_wb_ack,
output reg [31:0] o_wb_data,
//
input wire i_uart_rx,
output wire o_uart_tx,
input wire i_cts_n,
output reg o_rts_n,
output wire o_uart_rx_int, o_uart_tx_int,
o_uart_rxfifo_int, o_uart_txfifo_int
// }}}
);
localparam [3:0] LCLLGFLEN = (LGFLEN > 4'ha)? 4'ha
: ((LGFLEN < 4'h2) ? 4'h2 : LGFLEN);
localparam [1:0] UART_SETUP = 2'b00,
UART_FIFO = 2'b01,
UART_RXREG = 2'b10,
UART_TXREG = 2'b11;
// Register and signal declarations
// {{{
wire tx_busy;
reg [30:0] uart_setup;
// Receiver
wire rx_stb, rx_break, rx_perr, rx_ferr, ck_uart;
wire [7:0] rx_uart_data;
reg rx_uart_reset;
// Receive FIFO
wire rx_empty_n, rx_fifo_err;
wire [7:0] rxf_wb_data;
wire [15:0] rxf_status;
reg rxf_wb_read;
//
wire [(LCLLGFLEN-1):0] check_cutoff;
reg r_rx_perr, r_rx_ferr;
wire [31:0] wb_rx_data;
// The transmitter
wire tx_empty_n, txf_err, tx_break;
wire [7:0] tx_data;
wire [15:0] txf_status;
reg txf_wb_write, tx_uart_reset;
reg [7:0] txf_wb_data;
//
wire [31:0] wb_tx_data;
wire [31:0] wb_fifo_data;
reg [1:0] r_wb_addr;
reg r_wb_ack;
// }}}
// uart_setup
// {{{
// The UART setup parameters: bits per byte, stop bits, parity, and
// baud rate are all captured within this uart_setup register.
//
initial uart_setup = INITIAL_SETUP
| ((HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL_PRESENT==1'b0)? 31'h40000000 : 0);
always @(posedge i_clk)
// Under wishbone rules, a write takes place any time i_wb_stb
// is high. If that's the case, and if the write was to the
// setup address, then set us up for the new parameters.
if ((i_wb_stb)&&(i_wb_addr == UART_SETUP)&&(i_wb_we))
begin
if (i_wb_sel[0])
uart_setup[7:0] <= i_wb_data[7:0];
if (i_wb_sel[1])
uart_setup[15:8] <= i_wb_data[15:8];
if (i_wb_sel[2])
uart_setup[23:16] <= i_wb_data[23:16];
if (i_wb_sel[3])
uart_setup[30:24] <= { (i_wb_data[30])
||(!HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL_PRESENT),
i_wb_data[29:24] };
end
// }}}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// The UART receiver
// {{{
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//
// The receiver itself
// {{{
// Here's our UART receiver. Basically, it accepts our setup wires,
// the UART input, a clock, and a reset line, and produces outputs:
// a stb (true when new data is ready), and an 8-bit data out value
// valid when stb is high.
`ifdef USE_LITE_UART
// {{{
rxuartlite #(.CLOCKS_PER_BAUD(INITIAL_SETUP[23:0]))
rx(i_clk, i_uart_rx, rx_stb, rx_uart_data);
assign rx_break = 1'b0;
assign rx_perr = 1'b0;
assign rx_ferr = 1'b0;
assign ck_uart = 1'b0;
// }}}
`else
// {{{
// The full receiver also produces a break value (true during a break
// cond.), and parity/framing error flags--also valid when stb is true.
rxuart #(.INITIAL_SETUP(INITIAL_SETUP)) rx(i_clk, (i_reset)||(rx_uart_reset),
uart_setup, i_uart_rx,
rx_stb, rx_uart_data, rx_break,
rx_perr, rx_ferr, ck_uart);
// The real trick is ... now that we have this extra data, what do we do
// with it?
// }}}
`endif
// }}}
// The receive FIFO
// {{{
// We place new arriving data into a receiver FIFO.
//
// And here's the FIFO proper.
//
// Note that the FIFO will be cleared upon any reset: either if there's
// a UART break condition on the line, the receiver is in reset, or an
// external reset is issued.
//
// The FIFO accepts strobe and data from the receiver.
// We issue another wire to it (rxf_wb_read), true when we wish to read
// from the FIFO, and we get our data in rxf_wb_data. The FIFO outputs
// four status-type values: 1) is it non-empty, 2) is the FIFO over half
// full, 3) a 16-bit status register, containing info regarding how full
// the FIFO truly is, and 4) an error indicator.
ufifo #(.LGFLEN(LCLLGFLEN), .RXFIFO(1))
rxfifo(i_clk, (i_reset)||(rx_break)||(rx_uart_reset),
rx_stb, rx_uart_data,
rx_empty_n,
rxf_wb_read, rxf_wb_data,
rxf_status, rx_fifo_err);
// }}}
assign o_uart_rxfifo_int = rxf_status[1];
// We produce four interrupts. One of the receive interrupts indicates
// whether or not the receive FIFO is non-empty. This should wake up
// the CPU.
assign o_uart_rx_int = rxf_status[0];
// o_rts_n
// {{{
// The clear to send line, which may be ignored, but which we set here
// to be true any time the FIFO has fewer than N-2 items in it.
// Why not N-1? Because at N-1 we are totally full, but already so full
// that if the transmit end starts sending we won't have a location to
// receive it. (Transmit might've started on the next character by the
// time we set this--thus we need to set it to one, one character before
// necessary).
assign check_cutoff = -3;
always @(posedge i_clk)
o_rts_n <= ((HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL_PRESENT)
&&(!uart_setup[30])
&&(rxf_status[(LCLLGFLEN+1):2] > check_cutoff));
// }}}
// rxf_wb_read
// {{{
// If the bus requests that we read from the receive FIFO, we need to
// tell this to the receive FIFO. Note that because we are using a
// clock here, the output from the receive FIFO will necessarily be
// delayed by an extra clock.
initial rxf_wb_read = 1'b0;
always @(posedge i_clk)
rxf_wb_read <= (i_wb_stb)&&(i_wb_addr[1:0]== UART_RXREG)
&&(!i_wb_we);
// }}}
// r_rx_perr, r_rx_ferr -- parity and framing errors
// {{{
// Now, let's deal with those RX UART errors: both the parity and frame
// errors. As you may recall, these are valid only when rx_stb is
// valid, so we need to hold on to them until the user reads them via
// a UART read request..
initial r_rx_perr = 1'b0;
initial r_rx_ferr = 1'b0;
always @(posedge i_clk)
if ((rx_uart_reset)||(rx_break))
begin
// Clear the error
r_rx_perr <= 1'b0;
r_rx_ferr <= 1'b0;
end else if ((i_wb_stb)
&&(i_wb_addr[1:0]== UART_RXREG)&&(i_wb_we))
begin
// Reset the error lines if a '1' is ever written to
// them, otherwise leave them alone.
//
if (i_wb_sel[1])
begin
r_rx_perr <= (r_rx_perr)&&(~i_wb_data[9]);
r_rx_ferr <= (r_rx_ferr)&&(~i_wb_data[10]);
end
end else if (rx_stb)
begin
// On an rx_stb, capture any parity or framing error
// indications. These aren't kept with the data rcvd,
// but rather kept external to the FIFO. As a result,
// if you get a parity or framing error, you will never
// know which data byte it was associated with.
// For now ... that'll work.
r_rx_perr <= (r_rx_perr)||(rx_perr);
r_rx_ferr <= (r_rx_ferr)||(rx_ferr);
end
// }}}
// rx_uart_reset
// {{{
initial rx_uart_reset = 1'b1;
always @(posedge i_clk)
if ((i_reset)||((i_wb_stb)&&(i_wb_addr[1:0]== UART_SETUP)&&(i_wb_we)))
// The receiver reset, always set on a master reset
// request.
rx_uart_reset <= 1'b1;
else if ((i_wb_stb)&&(i_wb_addr[1:0]== UART_RXREG)&&(i_wb_we)&&i_wb_sel[1])
// Writes to the receive register will command a receive
// reset anytime bit[12] is set.
rx_uart_reset <= i_wb_data[12];
else
rx_uart_reset <= 1'b0;
// }}}
// wb_rx_data
// {{{
// Finally, we'll construct a 32-bit value from these various wires,
// to be returned over the bus on any read. These include the data
// that would be read from the FIFO, an error indicator set upon
// reading from an empty FIFO, a break indicator, and the frame and
// parity error signals.
assign wb_rx_data = { 16'h00,
3'h0, rx_fifo_err,
rx_break, rx_ferr, r_rx_perr, !rx_empty_n,
rxf_wb_data};
// }}}
// }}}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// The UART transmitter
// {{{
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//
// txf_wb_write, txf_wb_data
// {{{
// Unlike the receiver which goes from RXUART -> UFIFO -> WB, the
// transmitter basically goes WB -> UFIFO -> TXUART. Hence, to build
// support for the transmitter, we start with the command to write data
// into the FIFO. In this case, we use the act of writing to the
// UART_TXREG address as our indication that we wish to write to the
// FIFO. Here, we create a write command line, and latch the data for
// the extra clock that it'll take so that the command and data can be
// both true on the same clock.
initial txf_wb_write = 1'b0;
always @(posedge i_clk)
begin
txf_wb_write <= (i_wb_stb)&&(i_wb_addr == UART_TXREG)
&&(i_wb_we)&&(i_wb_sel[0]);
txf_wb_data <= i_wb_data[7:0];
end
// }}}
// Transmit FIFO
// {{{
// Most of this is just wire management. The TX FIFO is identical in
// implementation to the RX FIFO (theyre both UFIFOs), but the TX
// FIFO is fed from the WB and read by the transmitter. Some key
// differences to note: we reset the transmitter on any request for a
// break. We read from the FIFO any time the UART transmitter is idle.
// and ... we just set the values (above) for controlling writing into
// this.
// ufifo #(.LGFLEN(LGFLEN), .RXFIFO(0))
// txfifo(i_clk, (tx_break)||(tx_uart_reset),
// txf_wb_write, txf_wb_data,
// tx_empty_n,
// (!tx_busy)&&(tx_empty_n), tx_data,
// txf_status, txf_err);
// }}}
// Transmit interrupts
// {{{
// Let's create two transmit based interrupts from the FIFO for the CPU.
// The first will be true any time the FIFO has at least one open
// position within it.
assign o_uart_tx_int = 1'b0;
// The second will be true any time the FIFO is less than half
// full, allowing us a change to always keep it (near) fully
// charged.
assign o_uart_txfifo_int = 1'b0;
// }}}
// Break logic
`ifndef USE_LITE_UART
// {{{
// A break in a UART controller is any time the UART holds the line
// low for an extended period of time. Here, we capture the wb_data[9]
// wire, on writes, as an indication we wish to break. As long as you
// write unsigned characters to the interface, this will never be true
// unless you wish it to be true. Be aware, though, writing a valid
// value to the interface will bring it out of the break condition.
reg r_tx_break;
initial r_tx_break = 1'b0;
always @(posedge i_clk)
if (i_reset)
r_tx_break <= 1'b0;
else if ((i_wb_stb)&&(i_wb_addr[1:0]== UART_TXREG)&&(i_wb_we)
&&(i_wb_sel[1]))
r_tx_break <= i_wb_data[9];
assign tx_break = r_tx_break;
// }}}
`else
// {{{
assign tx_break = 1'b0;
// }}}
`endif
// TX-Reset logic
// {{{{
// This is nearly identical to the RX reset logic above. Basically,
// any time someone writes to bit [12] the transmitter will go through
// a reset cycle. Keep bit [12] low, and everything will proceed as
// normal.
initial tx_uart_reset = 1'b1;
always @(posedge i_clk)
if((i_reset)||((i_wb_stb)&&(i_wb_addr == UART_SETUP)&&(i_wb_we)))
tx_uart_reset <= 1'b1;
else if ((i_wb_stb)&&(i_wb_addr[1:0]== UART_TXREG)&&(i_wb_we) && i_wb_sel[1])
tx_uart_reset <= i_wb_data[12];
else
tx_uart_reset <= 1'b0;
// }}}
// The actuall transmitter itself
`ifdef USE_LITE_UART
// {{{
txuartlite #(.CLOCKS_PER_BAUD(INITIAL_SETUP[23:0])) tx(i_clk, txf_wb_write, txf_wb_data,
o_uart_tx, tx_busy);
// }}}
`else
// cts_n
// {{{
wire cts_n;
assign cts_n = (HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL_PRESENT)&&(i_cts_n);
// }}}
// The *full* transmitter impleemntation
// {{{
// Finally, the UART transmitter module itself. Note that we haven't
// connected the reset wire. Transmitting is as simple as setting
// the stb value (here set to tx_empty_n) and the data. When these
// are both set on the same clock that tx_busy is low, the transmitter
// will move on to the next data byte. Really, the only thing magical
// here is that tx_empty_n wire--thus, if there's anything in the FIFO,
// we read it here. (You might notice above, we register a read any
// time (tx_empty_n) and (!tx_busy) are both true---the condition for
// starting to transmit a new byte.)
txuart #(.INITIAL_SETUP(INITIAL_SETUP)) tx(i_clk, 1'b0, uart_setup,
r_tx_break, (tx_empty_n), tx_data,
cts_n, o_uart_tx, tx_busy);
// }}}
`endif
// wb_tx_data
// {{{
// Now that we are done with the chain, pick some wires for the user
// to read on any read of the transmit port.
//
// This port is different from reading from the receive port, since
// there are no side effects. (Reading from the receive port advances
// the receive FIFO, here only writing to the transmit port advances the
// transmit FIFO--hence the read values are free for ... whatever.)
// We choose here to provide information about the transmit FIFO
// (txf_err, txf_half_full, txf_full_n), information about the current
// voltage on the line (o_uart_tx)--and even the voltage on the receive
// line (ck_uart), as well as our current setting of the break and
// whether or not we are actively transmitting.
// assign wb_tx_data = { 16'h00,
// i_cts_n, txf_status[1:0], txf_err,
// ck_uart, o_uart_tx, tx_break, (tx_busy|txf_status[0]),
// (tx_busy|txf_status[0])?txf_wb_data:8'b00};
assign wb_tx_data = {24'd0, txf_wb_data};
// }}}
// }}}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Bus / register handling
// {{{
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//
// wb_fifo_data
// {{{
// Each of the FIFO's returns a 16 bit status value. This value tells
// us both how big the FIFO is, as well as how much of the FIFO is in
// use. Let's merge those two status words together into a word we
// can use when reading about the FIFO.
//assign wb_fifo_data = { txf_status, rxf_status };
assign wb_fifo_data = { 16'd0, rxf_status };
// }}}
// r_wb_addr
// {{{
// You may recall from above that reads take two clocks. Hence, we
// need to delay the address decoding for a clock until the data is
// ready. We do that here.
always @(posedge i_clk)
r_wb_addr <= i_wb_addr;
// }}}
// r_wb_ack
// {{{
initial r_wb_ack = 1'b0;
always @(posedge i_clk) // We'll ACK in two clocks
r_wb_ack <= i_wb_stb;
// }}}
// o_wb_ack
// {{{
initial o_wb_ack = 1'b0;
always @(posedge i_clk) // Okay, time to set the ACK
o_wb_ack <= i_wb_cyc && r_wb_ack;
// }}}
// o_wb_data
// {{{
// Finally, set the return data. This data must be valid on the same
// clock o_wb_ack is high. On all other clocks, it is irrelelant--since
// no one cares, no one is reading it, it gets lost in the mux in the
// interconnect, etc. For this reason, we can just simplify our logic.
always @(posedge i_clk)
casez(r_wb_addr)
UART_SETUP: o_wb_data <= { 1'b0, uart_setup };
UART_FIFO: o_wb_data <= wb_fifo_data;
UART_RXREG: o_wb_data <= wb_rx_data;
UART_TXREG: o_wb_data <= wb_tx_data;
endcase
// }}}
// o_wb_stall
// {{{
// This device never stalls. Sure, it takes two clocks, but they are
// pipelined, and nothing stalls that pipeline. (Creates FIFO errors,
// perhaps, but doesn't stall the pipeline.) Hence, we can just
// set this value to zero.
assign o_wb_stall = 1'b0;
// }}}
// }}}
// Make verilator happy
// {{{
// verilator lint_off UNUSED
wire unused;
assign unused = &{ 1'b0, i_wb_data[31] };
// verilator lint_on UNUSED
// }}}
endmodule