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README.md

Caravel User Project

License UPRJ_CI Caravel Build

:exclamation: Important Note

Please fill in your project documentation in this README.md file

Refer to README for this sample project documentation.

Wishbone CAN

This project is a wishbone bus compatible CAN (Controller Area Network) controller, which can be used to communicate with other nodes on a CAN bus like those frequently found in cars and other light industrial applications. This implementation should (hopefully!) cover the entire CAN 2.0B standard outlined in this document. As a summary, this controller supports standard, extended ID, and RTR packets for both RX and TX. It should also recognize overload and error packets in RX and will transmit error packets when necessary. Taking inspiration from the CAN controller implemented in many STM32 MCUs, this controller also allows the user to configure up to 20 maskable filters for the receiver. An 8 section long FIFO is placed on the receive side to capture filtered packets, and three transmit mailboxes are available which can either transmit in numerical order, or by highest priority CAN ID.

Register Map

Master control register (MCR) 0x0000

Bits 31-6: reserved

Bit 5: overrun enable (r/w)
Enable overrun on the RX FIFO

Bit 4: auto retrans (r/w)
Auto retransmission on TX in case of an arbitration loss. May be useful to keep 0 if packets are time sensitive.

Bit 3: tx priority (r/w)
Priority for TX mailboxes. Set to 1 for priority based on Mailbox number (1 -> 2 -> 3). Set to 0 for ID based priority (lowest ID wins like in normal arbitration).

Bit 2: sleep (r/w)
Put into sleep mode. No RX or TX.

Bit 1: reset (r/w)
Reset the CAN controller without needing to reset the whole chip

Bit 0: start (r/w)
Start the CAN controller from sleep mode. Set to 1 once the rest of the controller has been configured

Master status register (MSR) 0x0004

Bits 31-5: reserved

Bit 4: tx busy (r)
Transmitter is transmitting something and has won arbitration

Bit 3: rx busy (r)
Receiver is busy receiver.

Bit 2: curr sample (r)
Current sample from the receiver

Bits 1-0: mode (r)
CAN controller mode. 0 = sleep, 1 = initialization, 2 = running

FIFO status and control register (FSCR) 0x0008

Bit 31-9: reserved

Bit 8: empty (r)
FIFO is empty

Bit 7: full (r)
FIFO is full

Bit 6-3: occupancy (r)
FIFO occupancy

Bit 2: overrun (r) FIFO has overrun

Bit 1: read fifo (r/w)
Set to 1 after other FIFO registers have been read in order to move on to the next packet in the FIFO

Bit 0: clear (r/w) Clear the contents of the FIFO

FIFO packet info register (FIR) 0x000c

Bits 31-11 reserved

Bits 10-6: fmi (r) Filter match index. The index of the filter for which this particular packet was passed on to the RX FIFO

Bit 5: EXT (r)
The packet is an extended ID packet

Bit 4: RTR (r)
The packet is a remote transmission request

Bits 3-0: size (r)
Size of the received packet

FIFO ID register (FIDR) 0x0010

Bits 31-29: reserved

Bits 28-0: ID (r)
Bits 28-18: Normal ID, bits 17-0: extended ID if applicable

FIFO data low register (FDLR) 0x0014

read only

Bits 31-24: Byte 3 of packet in FIFO
Bits 23-16: Byte 2 of packet in FIFO
Bits 15-8: Byte 1 of packet in FIFO
Bits 7-0: Byte 0 of packet in FIFO

FIFO data high register (FDHR) 0x0018

read only

Bits 31-24: Byte 7 of packet in FIFO
Bits 23-16: Byte 6 of packet in FIFO
Bits 15-8: Byte 5 of packet in FIFO
Bits 7-0: Byte 4 of packet in FIFO

Filter mask enable register (FMER) 0x001c

Bits 31-20: reserved

Bits 19-0: filter enables (r/w)
Each bit enables the particular filter number for entry to the RX FIFO.

Filter registers (FRx) 0x0020 - 0x006c

Bit 31: reserved

Bit 30: RTR (r/w)
Preferred RTR bit for the filter

Bit 29: EXT (r/w)
Preferred EXT bit for the filter

Bits 28-0: ID (r/w)
Perferred ID for the filter. Refer to FIDR for bit organization

Filter mask registers (FMRx) 0x0070 - 0x00bc

Bit 31: reserved

Bits 30-0: mask (r/w)
mask for corresponding filter (mask off bits you want to contribute to the filter). For example only mask off bits 28-18 of the ID, or just mask RTR packets by setting bit 30.

Error status register (ESR) 0x00c0

Bits 31-21: reserved

Bits 20-18: LEC (r)
Last error code

Bit 17: bus off (r)
Controller is in bus off mode

Bit 16: error passive (r)
Controller is error passive

Bits 15-8: TEC (r)
Transmitter error count

Bits 7-0: REC (r)
Receiver error count

Timing register (TMGR) 0x00c4

Bits 31-16: reserved

Bits 15-13: TS2 (r/w)
Time segment 2. Length of the second time segment of a bit period in time quanta. Length = TS2 + 1.

Bits 12-10: TS1 (r/w)
Time segment 1. Length of the first time segment of a bit period in time quanta. Length = TS1 + 1.

Bits 9-0: BRP (r/w)
Baud rate prescaler. Prescaler from wishbone clock to time quanta. tq = BRP + 1
Bit period = tq x (2 + (TS1 + 1) + (TS2 + 1))

TX mailbox #x ID register (MLSxR) 0x00c8 - 0x00d0

Bit 31: data_ready (r/w)
Set when data in mailbox is ready to be transmitted

Bit 30: EXT (r/w)
Signal the packet in mailbox has an extended ID

Bit 29: RTR (r/w)
Signal the packet in mailbox is a remote transmission request

Bits 28-0: ID (r/w)
ID to be transmitted. Refer to FIDR for bit organization

TX mailbox #x packet size register (MLSxR) 0x00d4 - 0x00dc

Bits 31-4 reserved

Bits 3-0: DLC (r/w)
Data length code. Size in bytes of the packet to be transmitted. Maximum of 8.

TX mailbox data low registers (MLDLxR) 0x00e0 - 0x00e8

read / write

Bits 31-24: Byte 3 of packet to be transmitted
Bits 23-16: Byte 2 of packet to be transmitted
Bits 15-8: Byte 1 of packet to be transmitted
Bits 7-0: Byte 0 of packet to be transmitted

TX mailbox data high registers (MLDHxR) 0x00ec - 0x00f4

read / write

Bits 31-24: Byte 7 of packet to be transmitted
Bits 23-16: Byte 6 of packet to be transmitted
Bits 15-8: Byte 5 of packet to be transmitted
Bits 7-0: Byte 4 of packet to be transmitted

Included Testbench

This peripheral was designed in SystemVerilog and as such was not easily simulated with FOSS/freeware. I ended up choosing Vivado Webpack for simulation. Therefore, an extra makefile as well as tcl script for running vivado have been added. They are mostly intended to be used in my personal design flow for Lattice iCE-40 FPGAs hence the extra portions or the tcl file. Running make tbsim_source on a machine with Vivado installed should allow the testbench to be run. You may also notice that some verilog versions of files are also included. These are neccessary as yosys cannot deal with all facets of SystemVerilog. The tool sv2v was used to accomplish this.